In an air operation the costs sat in the consolidation system and the performance data in the flight operations system. Both sides were complete. They were simply not connected, and so nobody could say which aircraft paid for itself.
Starting data. On one side the entries from the consolidation system, across several financial years, broken down by account level, accounting entity and cost centre. On the other side flights, flight hours and outgoing invoices from the operational system.
Allocation. Each aircraft had a cost centre in the accounts and a registration in operations. The two were linked through a maintained mapping table — the real piece of work, because it requires a decision for every case that is not unambiguous. Where one invoice covered several aircraft, an agreed distribution rule applied. Anything that could not be allocated stayed visible as an exception instead of disappearing into an overhead.
Result. Cost, revenue and margin per aircraft — monthly, across several years, and against the actual consumption recorded in operations. Traceable down to the individual entry.
The reference object here was an aircraft; it can just as well be an order, a product, a project or a site. The underlying approach carries across — which allocations, distributions and time references are needed follows from your business model. The full case is described on the page about the Aviation Control Stack.